Brightsurf delivers daily science news discoveries, articles, and the latest scientific breakthroughs. Your trusted source for science news today, covering nature news, science & technology, and scientific discoveries from leading research institutions worldwide.
Researchers recorded a bycatch event of harbour porpoises entangled in a fishing net, gaining unprecedented insight into their behaviour. The incident showed the animals could avoid nets but made a rare mistake, leading to entanglement.
A research team created an ultrathin artificial lung that reproduces the movement of alveoli, air sacs inside the lung, and demonstrates the response to influenza virus. The lung operated stably through 240,000 breaths and showed promise for studying lung disease and drug responses.
A 20% sugar tax could prevent millions of cases of tooth decay and gum disease in Australia, saving the country from 3.7 million tooth decay cases and 115,000 complete tooth losses. The research also found that a sugar tax could generate approximately half a million health-adjusted life years for the 2019 Australian population.
A new Cochrane review finds that nicotine e-cigarettes are more effective in helping people quit smoking than conventional methods like nicotine gums and patches. The review of 80 randomized controlled trials involving 29,861 participants showed that e-cigarettes led to higher quit rates, resulting in about 4 more quitters per 100 people.
The publication of the alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay (αSyn-SAA) biomarker highlights a decade of collaborative progress in biomarker development. This milestone enables earlier testing of new treatments for Parkinson's disease, which could delay or prevent disease onset and progression.
Researchers create unique 'artificial fingerprints' using nanoparticles that can be authenticated with smartphone flashlight and laser pointer. The technology has potential applications in anti-counterfeiting and electronic device authentication.
A recent study found that Black parents who experienced higher levels of appropriated racial oppression were less likely to transmit positive, culturally protective messages to their adolescent children. The effects of racial oppression were more pronounced among lighter-skinned parents and teens, according to the study.
Analysis of UK baby food pouches found they often contain high sugar and low nutrient levels, failing to meet guidelines for complementary foods. Only a small percentage met the desired criteria, raising concerns about the suitability of these products for young children.
New research from Mass General Brigham suggests that protecting the thymus during cancer therapy may improve outcomes. The study found that patients with unimpaired thymic health before radiotherapy had the most favorable outcomes, while those with higher radiation doses to the thymus had significantly worse overall survival.
Researchers found that radiation to the thymus during NSCLC treatment increased cancer spread and mortality risk in patients with relatively healthy thymus. Thymic health scores were associated with T-cell diversity, longevity, and cancer outcomes.
A randomised trial of 510 parents in wartime Ukraine found that support groups halved violence against children and decreased depression and anxiety symptoms. The programme, called 'Hope Groups', was designed to provide safety, trust, and hope to families during the war.
Researchers have identified a potential target to prevent the spread of Chagas disease by using antimalarial compounds to interfere with the parasite's growth and development. This approach could lead to successful health interventions and save thousands of lives each year.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience found that social isolation increases alcohol consumption in male mice by activating a specific brain circuit, while decreasing it in female mice. The researchers identified a neural pathway connecting the basolateral amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex, which may hold key to understanding alc...
Jeffery Kelly, a Scripps Research professor, has been elected to the European Academy of Engineering for his groundbreaking research on protein folding and its link to diseases. His work led to the development of FDA-approved therapeutics for amyloid polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy.
The 2026 ARDD Meeting in Boston will feature a dedicated government and regulatory panel led by senior FDA officials and ARPA-H representatives. The panel will explore how clinical trials of emerging therapeutics can be aligned with regulatory mandates and the evidence required to advance new interventions responsibly.
Researchers studied 72 young Sun-like stars and their protoplanetary disks, finding that different types of winds are more important at different stages in a planetary system's early life. The study shows that gas giants like Jupiter must assemble their massive atmospheres quickly before winds carry that raw material away.
The article introduces a field guide for environmental data scientists, providing 10 simple rules for effective use of generative AI. The rules address preparation, coding, and verification phases, aiming to fill a gap in existing advice. The guide acknowledges the environmental costs and social implications of GenAI, highlighting the ...
Researchers developed a model explaining how lava-covered worlds can maintain thick atmospheres due to molten rock sloshing over surfaces. This new theory expands the cosmic shoreline framework, suggesting a 'cosmic sandbar' region where outgassing balances escape, enabling planets to retain atmospheres.
New research proposes a revision to classical nucleation theory, revealing a gradient of crystallinity in crystal nuclei. The study uses 3D atomic imaging to examine over 8,000 nuclei in high- and medium-entropy alloys, shedding light on the energy needed for nuclei to form and merge.
The 2026 Childhood Obesity Conference, 'Be the Reason Kids Greaux Healthy,' will explore strategies for preventing and treating childhood obesity, bringing together healthcare professionals, researchers, educators, and community leaders. The conference will feature keynotes, sessions, and poster presentations on emerging topics in pedi...
Researchers develop a hybrid path-finding model for drones, finding that 2-3 rounds of adaptive planning are sufficient for optimal results. This approach balances speed and efficiency, making it practical for various applications, including search-and-rescue operations and commercial agriculture.
UCSF's new center aims to train 1,000 health care providers annually and develop screening tools to identify eating disorders. The center will also serve as a national hub for eating disorders research, connecting investigators across institutions and disciplines.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have developed a novel scaffold system that recreates the natural transition from tendon to cartilage-like tissue to bone, promoting more organized formations of tendons, cartilage-like tissue, and bone at the repair site. This innovation aims to improve the quality and d...
Researchers at the University of Tartu developed a single genetic test that can uncover causes of previously unexplained premature ovarian insufficiency in 12% of cases. This breakthrough diagnosis provides valuable information for women with infertility and associated health risks, enabling personalized counseling and treatment options.
A $3.3 million NIH grant will support a five-year study on opioid treatment during breastfeeding, aiming to improve drug safety for lactating mothers. The researchers will develop a cell-based assay and use physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to predict drug levels in mothers and infants.
A new study finds that rain falling through wildfire smoke can deliver unusually large bursts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to ecosystems in the United States. The nutrient pulses could become an increasingly important ecological consequence of fire as wildfires become more frequent.
A new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign examines how a firstborn son impacts childbearing women's and mothers-in-law's mental health. The research found mother-in-laws experience a 15% lower risk of depression or anxiety when their daughter-in-law has a firstborn son, while daughters-in-law face increased stress as...
Researchers at the University of Maine discovered that planktonic baby lobsters preferentially feed on Calanus finmarchicus, a tiny, calorie-rich zooplankton species, during one of the most vulnerable stages of their lives. This finding is crucial to understanding fluctuations in the abundance of lobster larvae and future adult lobsters.
Liu and Xu are studying conformality-guided learning, a framework that uses conformal prediction signals during model training. They will develop theory and algorithms for three thrusts, including methods for subgroup and time-localized reliability.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital identified a new target responsible for bone marrow scarring in myelofibrosis, a type of blood cancer. Combining traditional therapy with drugs blocking scar formation may improve treatment outcomes. The study found that inhibiting freecycling activity with drugs like hydroxychloroquine can red...
The Rice360 project, led by Rebecca Richards-Kortum, aims to develop a low-cost, AI-enabled system to accelerate breast cancer diagnosis in rural Texas. The system, Access BreastDX, uses an AI-enabled digital microscope to quickly scan breast cell and tissue samples, providing automated assessments and remote review by pathologists.
Researchers at University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found that BRAF plays a key role in developing and maintaining chronic nerve pain caused by nerve damage. Using BRAF inhibitors reduced pain sensitivity in preclinical models, suggesting therapeutic potential for treating chronic nerve pain.
Researchers discovered the world's highest late Middle Pleistocene marine deposits on the southern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau, with deposits reaching 1177m above sea level. The findings provide a rare high-resolution temporal benchmark linking marine deposition to deep-seated geodynamic processes.
Researchers found the brain continuously blends and adjusts multiple goal-directed strategies at the same time, like a GPS system recalculating a route. The hippocampus plays an active role in tracking possible future strategies and planning upcoming actions, supporting a three-part framework for compositional control.
A tiny optical imaging probe designed for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging inside blood vessels in the brain has been developed. The probe can acquire full 360-degree images by using a tiny piezoelectric actuator to rotate an optical lens, eliminating rotational distortion.
A historic drought in northern Kenya led to a shift in livelihoods, with fishing becoming a crucial source of food and income among the Daasanach community. The study found that drought can alter not only physical health and food access but also cultural norms and settlement patterns, with women experiencing greater hardship than men.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have developed a new method for studying complex quantum systems using quantum computational spectroscopy. This approach allows for the investigation of a wider range of quantum systems, including those affected by their environment or changing over time.
Researchers from Boston Children's Hospital have developed a new gene therapy approach that collects enough stem cells in a single hospital admission, improving turnaround time for genetically altering and infusing cells. The approach has shown long-term stability and safety, with patients not experiencing any adverse effects.
Researchers at George Mason University are conducting a project to develop defense-in-depth cyber-physical security for AI data centers. The project, funded by the Virginia Innovation Partnership Authority, aims to enhance the security of AI data centers and protect against cyber-physical threats.
The University of Tennessee has been awarded a $25 million grant by the US Department of Energy to advance nuclear science and security research. The grant will support the development of new scintillators and collaboration with leading experts in nuclear non-proliferation.
A study published in PLOS Medicine suggests that global snakebite envenoming incidence is much higher than previously estimated, with 2.1-7 million cases per year and 274,000-513,000 annual deaths. Low-income countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, exhibit the highest incidence and mortality rates.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that women with type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop mental health conditions, while men experience more cardiovascular and renal complications. The researchers analyzed data from 28,720 men and women in the UK, revealing significant sex differences in disease trajectories.
A large population-based study found that emergency diagnoses are common across multiple conditions, including Parkinson’s disease and coronary heart disease, and are consistently associated with worse outcomes. The study suggests that emergency diagnosis is a common phenomenon across diverse diseases and is linked to higher mortality ...
Researchers revived 160-million-year-old proteins with natural antimicrobial properties, inspiring new treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections. The revived molecules outperformed some present-day counterparts in laboratory tests, offering a promising solution to the global health issue.
Researchers developed a recyclable system using baker's yeast to store H₂ in organic molecules and iron ions to release it when needed. The method uses polyhydric alcohols and polyketones, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional H₂ production and storage methods.
A new metalens array architecture eliminates vergence-accommodation conflict and offers a wide field of view, achieving a 50° FOV 3D display. The system is highly scalable, with simulations indicating a 86° FOV limit.
Researchers found that smaller networks can be Pareto optimal, where no bank can be made better off without making another worse off. The study suggests that larger networks can lead to free-riding, reducing expected profits and market efficiency.
Researchers developed cellulose metafibers with a maximum tensile strength of 3.29 GPa and a toughness of 349.5 MJ m–3, comparable to top-tier synthetic fibers and natural spider silk. The biodegradable fibers were used in lawn and vegetation maintenance, showing wear resistance and environmental benefits.
A new evaluation framework helps bridge the lab-to-manufacturing gap for battery prelithiation technologies. The framework assesses eight prelithiation strategies across eight dimensions, enabling informed industrial technology selection.
DigBat brings together solid-state electrolyte data, simulations, machine learning, and AI to support battery materials research, providing a clearer view of the solid-state electrolyte landscape. Researchers can compare experimental and computational data, build machine-learning models, and gain insight from the data.
Researchers purified and characterized four ζ-carotene isomers, revealing UV-A shielding and antioxidant activities. The study suggests ζ-carotene's potential as a natural ingredient for skin health and photoprotection.
New research suggests that current conservation efforts are insufficient to halt the decline in common bird and butterfly species in Europe. The study projects a decline in species abundance across Europe up to 2050, with farmland birds and grassland butterflies facing strong pressures.
Researchers developed a covalently bridged interface engineering method to improve organic transistor stability, reducing leakage currents and increasing device performance. The design enables low-voltage operation and excellent charge-transport capability, making it suitable for flexible electronics applications.
FPR2 plays a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and promoting tissue regeneration through the PKC-ERK signaling axis. The study reveals that FPR2 activation regulates the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells and transit-amplifying cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for intestinal damage.
A study published in Life Metabolism reveals that high progesterone exposure during pregnancy can significantly improve menstrual cyclicity in PCOS patients and a PCOS-like mouse model. Postpartum, 60.60% of patients with irregular cycles showed improved menstrual regularity, with progesterone treatment normalizing estrous cyclicity an...
Researchers at Kumamoto University and collaborators developed a method to produce human trophoblast stem cells from late-gestation placentas, opening a new avenue for studying pregnancy complications. The resulting patient-derived models reproduce key features associated with preeclampsia, enabling the uncovering of molecular mechanis...
A new study found that fasting induces the accumulation of TCA cycle metabolites in brain lysosomes, which could support neuronal metabolic resilience. The researchers also propose three possible routes for the origin of these metabolites, including mitochondrial delivery and local interconversion supported by lysosome-associated signals.
A 10-year prospective cohort study in China found that ABC risk factors carry greater cardiovascular relevance in younger adults, while associations become less pronounced at older ages. Higher HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and LDL-C levels were associated with increased cardiovascular risk, with varying degrees of strength across ag...
Researchers analyzed 42 pediatric ependymomas, identifying subtype-associated metabolic programs and linking them to clinical aggressiveness. The study found that the ST-YAP1 subtype had the most distinct metabolic profile, while the ST-RELA subtype was characterized by a lipid-utilizing metabolic program.
Exercise improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, restoring islet architecture and function in type 2 diabetes. The study reveals that exercise reduces inflammation and promotes a pro-inflammatory state in islet macrophages, which can compromise β-cell function.
A new PCSK9 vaccine candidate, PVC3, has been shown to induce sustained anti-PCSK9 antibodies and reduce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in mouse models. The vaccine also demonstrated a favorable preclinical safety profile, with no overt systemic toxicity or major histopathological abnormalities observed.
Endothelial CPT2 loss impairs fatty acid oxidation, promoting kidney fibrosis and renal injury. This impairment leads to reduced acetyl-CoA availability, activating an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT)-like program.
Researchers identified a hierarchical nerve network in aortic perivascular adipose tissue, which is required for cold-induced blood pressure rise. Local ablation of sympathetic nerves in this tissue prevented cold-induced hypertension, underscoring its specificity.
Researchers found that ZRSR1 reduces hepatic lipogenesis and insulin resistance in mice, independently of minor intron splicing, by regulating the LXR-SREBP1c lipogenic pathway. This discovery broadens the known functions of minor-spliceosome proteins and reveals a new regulatory layer in fatty liver biology.
Researchers developed a unified scaling framework to separate quantum geometry contributions from disorder in nonlinear Hall data. The framework identified quantum-metric and Berry-curvature signals in existing second-order Hall data, allowing for clearer understanding of quantum-metric and Berry-curvature signals.
NTU Singapore's eVTOL aircraft successfully flew to heights above 90 meters and speeds of over 120 km/h, generating critical data on its performance. The aircraft demonstrated its ability to hover, fly using its fixed wings, and transition between modes, marking a milestone for Singapore's aerospace sector.
A prospective cohort study found that higher residential greenness was associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk in Chinese adults. Participants in the highest greenness tertile had a 51% lower risk of incident T2D compared to those in the lowest tertile, with the risk decreasing monotonically with increasing greenness.
Researchers found that magnetotactic bacteria AMB-1 extended lifespan by 43.39% and improved neurological function and intestinal integrity in aged worms. AMB-1 reduced iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation levels, suppressing ferroptosis and aging-related pathways.
Researchers have identified an enzyme from cow gut that can break down bacterial biofilm components, making them more vulnerable to antibiotics. The enzyme, CRhAB, was found to be effective against two notorious pathogen groups, including Acinetobacter baumannii, which poses a significant threat in healthcare settings.
Researchers propose a new AI framework, Generative Electrochemical Intelligence, to accelerate the discovery and development of electrochemical energy technologies. The framework combines generative AI with automated robotic experimentation to create a closed-loop system that can generate new ideas, test them, and learn from feedback.
Aqueous Zn-based flow batteries offer flexible design and low-cost zinc, but face issues with Zn deposition, crossover, and performance decay. Researchers call for integrated materials and reactor engineering to improve durability and energy density.
Researchers use µSR to investigate Li(Zn,Mn)As, revealing its ferromagnetic ordering and critical spin dynamics. The study provides a new understanding of the material's magnetic ground state and phase evolution.
The collaboration aims to advance molecular imaging research and develop new treatments for patients across the UK. Funded through charitable giving, the partnership brings together specialist radiopharmaceutical production and cutting-edge research, strengthening the UK's radiopharmaceutical research base.
Researchers from Zhejiang University developed a hybrid mode/wavelength division multiplexing transmitter chip using lithium niobate on insulator, achieving an aggregate capacity of 8.64 Tbps. The chip combines six modes and six wavelengths, enabling 36 independent channels with each supporting 240 Gbps transmission.
Researchers created a detailed map of B cell development and behavior in melanoma tumours, revealing new insights into immunotherapy response. The study identified an 'inflamed' B cell state that persists throughout disease progression and after treatment.
A new precision oncology paper critiques the methodology used in a 2025 study on mRNA vaccine residual DNA, arguing that it systematically underestimates DNA impurities. The analysis highlights key methodological flaws, including primer design, sample preparation, and analytical platform limitations.
Researchers developed an oral drug that can increase the ability of T cells to attack tumors, improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. The gut-borne compound 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid trains T cells to become memory T cells, which drive anti-tumor immune responses.
The University of Texas at San Antonio School of Nursing has earned a second prestigious Center of Excellence designation in nursing education, recognizing its commitment to advancing innovative approaches to nursing education and student success. The school is one of only 19 nursing education programs nationwide to receive this design...
A new study by Michigan State University and Oklahoma State University found that bird nesting season in Minnesota prairies is declining, with 33 species showing a 22% drop in spotting likelihood over 16 years. The loss affects common birds, not just rare species, and is linked to climate change.
A new study links severe water scarcity in wheat-growing regions to global wheat prices, finding that 3°C of warming could triple average wheat prices. The study used climate observations, crop geography, and global commodity prices to explore this connection.
Hai Sun's $2.9 million NIH grant aims to improve pre-surgical mapping for epilepsy surgery by identifying critical brain nodes that trigger seizures. The goal is to make surgery safer and more effective for patients whose seizures cannot be controlled with medication.
A new study suggests that specific brain waves during sleep provide protection against the cognitive decline associated with elevated levels of the neurotransmitter orexin. Individuals with stronger sleep spindles and sleep oscillations during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep had less cognitive decline over time.
Researchers have developed an mRNA immunotherapy that eliminates pancreatic tumors in mice, achieving complete tumor responses and long-term disease-free periods. The treatment uses a cocktail of immune cytokine and tumor-associated antigen mRNAs, showing promise as a potential transformative treatment for pancreatic cancer.
A study analyzed 1,694 articles and found an annual growth rate of 9.5% in research addressing climate change and animal production. The study also noted an increase in interdisciplinarity, methodological sophistication, and new agendas focused on sustainability, adaptation, resilience, and animal welfare.
A new study has discovered a molecular navigation system that precisely directs neutrophils to sites of infection, allowing them to fight off disease-causing microbes without damaging healthy tissue. This finding represents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
Researchers create synthetic materials that selectively recognize and bind to biological substances, improving detection and removal of harmful pathogens. The materials combine recognition and absorption capabilities to enhance performance in complex fluids, supporting advances in water purification, disease monitoring, and food safety.
A new kinetic model couples lignin and hemicellulose dynamics to sharpen biorefinery predictions. The model uses controlled kinetics to release phenolic compounds and acetic acid gradually, turning lignin-derived inhibitors into measurable proxies for tracking bond cleavage.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered removing Regnase-1 from engineered immune cells enhances CAR T-cell therapy's ability to control osteosarcoma growth and prevent metastasis. The modified cells also alter their tumor microenvironment, activating immune cells and reducing immunosuppressive signals.
AnalySwift, a Purdue University-affiliated company, has received a Phase II STTR award to develop a robotic welding technology that enables disassembly and reassembly of large truss structures in space. The technology will simulate advanced materials and structures needed for this activity, including the feasibility of repurposing full...
A study by Maximilian Krolo found that higher intelligence is associated with greater wine knowledge, even in the absence of external incentives. Professional experience strengthens the effect, while simply drinking wine alone is not enough to develop extensive knowledge.
The University of Illinois-led NSF HQAN has been renewed for a second phase with $37.5 million in funding to develop an industry-ready pathway for implementing modular principles in quantum computing. The center has made significant technical achievements and is building a quantum workforce through educational programs.
A new study found a 16.8-percent increase in HIV cases among Hispanic populations in antisanctuary counties compared to baseline counties. The researchers attributed this increase to the 2018 announcement of changes to the public charge rule, which penalized immigrants for using public benefit programs.
Researchers at Keck School of Medicine of USC will investigate PFAS as a risk factor for liver and endometrial cancers. The studies aim to understand the biological mechanisms linking PFAS exposure to cancer risk and identify ways to mitigate that risk.
The NRG-GU005 trial shows that SBRT improves bowel health related quality of life in localized intermediate risk prostate cancer patients, with no significant impact on urinary HRQOL. SBRT is also associated with lower incontinence related quality of life and improved maintenance of erectile dysfunction compared to hypofractionated IMRT.
A systematic review and meta-analysis published in Cardiology Discovery shows AI-guided spatiotemporal dispersion area ablation yields an 87% pooled 12-month freedom-from-atrial-fibrillation rate for patients living with persistent atrial fibrillation. The technique aims to standardize substrate identification while preserving patient-...
Researchers validated Japan's seismic design guidelines through full-scale shaking table tests, revealing hidden vulnerabilities in cable trays. A simple steel-wire reinforcement method significantly improves seismic performance in new and existing buildings, enhancing public safety and business continuity.
A study of 79,000 Chinese university students found that team ball sports showed the most favorable mental health outcomes, while individual aerobic activities were less beneficial. The study also found that exercise frequency and duration, such as 3-4 sessions per week and 90-120 minute sessions, were linked to improved mental health.
Researchers mapped a five-stage roadmap for magnetic soft robots to advance minimally invasive medicine, including untethered and tethered designs for various applications. The review highlights the importance of standardized testing, biocompatibility validation, and clinical validation to bring these promising robots from laboratory p...
A new study by La Trobe University found that families navigating family courts amid family violence face substantial costs, including legal services, healthcare, counseling, and security measures. The average expenditure per parent is over $41,000 a year, with mothers carrying the greatest security and healthcare costs.
Wearable sweat sensors provide continuous real-time monitoring in ICUs, offering insights into hydration and homeostasis through electrolyte and metabolite tracking. The technology has vast application prospects, including sepsis warnings, renal management, and precision glycemic control.
The University of Eastern Finland has contributed to the development of a new international measure for assessing productivity-adjusted life years, considering health-related functional capacity and productivity. The new study provides Finnish norm values for estimating life expectancy adjusted for these factors, enabling comparisons a...
Researchers at the University of Turku discovered a molecular mechanism that regulates the spread of aggressive colorectal cancer. The mechanism involves the secretion of mucus onto the surface of tumour spheres, which facilitates their migration and invasion of tissue.
Researchers at Bielefeld University have discovered that microcline's most common surface is sufficient for ice to form in an ordered manner, known as epitaxial growth. This finding provides a new perspective on the importance of uncommon ice faces for understanding ice nucleation.
A study found that Radix isatidis herbal residue supplementation improved growth, mucosal immunity, gut microbiota, and lipid metabolism in broilers. The residue also increased serum immunoglobulin A, lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and enhanced meat composition.
Researchers developed a novel adaptive model, BLAC-Q4DIM, to address ionospheric modeling errors. The model achieved dramatic improvements, reducing errors by 80-85% compared to standard GIMs and 58% compared to fixed-parameter Q4DIM, making it suitable for high-precision navigation and space weather monitoring.
The study found that Ct-HBx upregulates PAI-1 by opening chromatin and trans-activating its expression, increasing hepatocellular carcinoma risk and prognosis. PAI-1 levels and genetic polymorphisms serve as biomarkers for predicting HCC risk and postoperative prognosis.
The NSF has renewed the Quantum Leap Challenge Institute for Quantum Sensing for Biophysics and Bioengineering with a $37.5 million investment to advance quantum sensing technologies. This will enable the development of robust tools for investigating biological systems.
Researchers have found a reliable alternative to bone marrow sampling for children with rhabdomyosarcoma, using PET scans to detect bone marrow involvement with high accuracy. This approach could spare patients from painful procedures and improve diagnostic practices.
A study found that relocating turtle nests to cooler areas can produce mostly female hatchlings and reduce hatching success, while shading also affects hatchling size and ability to right themselves. Researchers aim to understand the factors affecting hatchling development to improve conservation strategies
A new study found that standard memory tests, such as word-pair or list-learning tests, may fail to detect the real-life memory problems reported by many female breast cancer survivors after chemotherapy. Story-based tests, on the other hand, revealed significant memory difficulties in these women.
The Galápagos snapdragon has shown encouraging signs of recovery thanks to a long-term partnership between the Charles Darwin Foundation and the Galápagos National Park Directorate. The project successfully outplanted 94 nursery-grown shrubs into harsh volcanic landscapes, with 28 adult plants established across two restoration sites.
PCORI awards funding for new patient-centered comparative clinical effectiveness research, addressing key healthcare questions and generating evidence for better-informed decisions. The projects will focus on emergency, hospital, and surgical care, as well as mental and behavioral health, to improve health outcomes.
Researchers at Kyushu University found a new molecular pathway that explains why intraocular pressure increases at night. Norepinephrine increases RHOB in the eye's drainage system, weakening its
A large NIH study found no link between prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure and autism-related traits in children. Despite earlier studies suggesting cognitive challenges and ADHD, the study's findings indicate these pesticides may not be associated with autism-related traits at relatively low exposure levels.
Researchers discovered that gecko skin's nanoscopic hairs, called setulae, trap air and retain water, reducing evaporation and helping lizards survive in dry environments. The study used computational models to evaluate the effects of the hairs on water loss, finding a reduction in evaporation intensity.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have developed a biodegradable, 3D-printed gastric stent that improves treatment for gastric leaks and doubles drainage performance, potentially eliminating the need for repeat procedures. The new device combines an internal lattice design with biodegradable materials, safely breaking down after treatment.
UCSF scientists have invented a way to treat cancer with teacher cells and tumor pieces, combining immune cells grown in the lab with patient tumor samples. The method uses dendritic cells to train T cells to recognize and destroy cancer cells, offering a promising approach to immunotherapy.
A supported transition from obstetric care to postpartum primary care was associated with greater use of primary care-provided mental health services among pregnant and postpartum individuals with anxiety or depression. This low-cost intervention may facilitate ongoing access to mental health care supports and treatments beyond the imm...
The study proposes an electric ignition scheme for ADN-based thrusters, eliminating the need for catalysts and preheating, and achieving rapid cold-start ignition. The results show that the thruster achieves stable combustion at room temperature, with optimal ignition voltage identified as 80 V.
A new open-source platform, PAMP, enables high-resolution morphological profiling of industrial fungi throughout their life cycle, uncovering quantitative relationships between fungal architecture and fermentation performance. The platform reveals that peripheral architectural features strongly influence citric acid production.
Researchers found that envy plays a greater role when resources are allocated through majority voting than individual decisions. Participants preferred to reduce the other person's allocation, even though they received no additional money, indicating a preference for envy over greed. The study also found that voting influences particip...
In Nigeria, ethnopharmacology played a culturally important role in the COVID-19 response, with some remedies showing promise, such as IHP Detox Tea and Niprimum, but high-quality RCT data are limited and IP laws inadequately protect traditional knowledge.
Researchers at SwRI will use a plasma reactor to convert waste CO2 into solid carbon for a domestic graphite supply, reducing reliance on foreign imports. The team aims to produce graphite through a process that involves tuning the CO2 molecule to remove oxygen atoms and solidify into carbon allotropes.
A 6-month study of 5132 MyNetDiary users found that consistent food-tracking, even with fewer than 2 days per week, is associated with better weight loss outcomes. Users who tracked food 6-7 days per week lost an average of 11.33% of their body weight, while those who tracked only 2-3 days per week lost 7.35%.
A study by the University of Queensland suggests that urban parks lack vital midstorey vegetation, which is essential for small animals and birds. The researchers propose designing parks with denser, midstorey vegetation to improve the quality of urban green space and support wildlife, while also promoting community wellbeing.
A two-year study enrolling up to 300 participants on Martha's Vineyard will investigate who develops alpha-gal syndrome and why, as well as its impact on daily life and healthcare use. The study aims to identify immune and demographic factors that influence risk and inform diagnosis, prevention, and treatment approaches.
UVA researchers James Stone and Matthew Panzer contributed to the NATO guidelines, which provide practical recommendations to protect service members from blast-related brain injuries. The guidelines aim to reduce soldiers' risk of suffering blast-related brain injuries by balancing immediate protection with a roadmap for future research.
Researchers analyzed studies of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and mood disorders, finding distinct patterns of innate immune activity. TLR4, TLR8, and TLR10 were increased in schizophrenia, while TLR2, TLR5, and TLR6 were increased in mood disorders, indicating partially distinct mechanisms of innate immune activation.
A new corrosion detection algorithm uses just three spectral bands and a texture feature to accurately detect surface and subsurface corrosion on metal surfaces. The algorithm achieved accuracies above 90% in detecting corrosion across various coatings and colors, offering a cost-effective and safe solution for monitoring metal integrity.
A new analysis found that none of the certification programs for personal care products require laboratory testing, relying on ingredient lists and paperwork instead. This approach cannot catch contaminants or impurities that may be present in the product.
Scientists have discovered that prolonged exposure to high humidity can break down glow-in-the-dark pigments, highlighting the importance of proper storage and exhibition conditions. The research aims to develop longer-lasting phosphorescent materials for various applications, including fashion and safety.
A new study led by Northwestern University reveals that loneliness can reprogram the brain to drive alcohol consumption in males, but suppress it in females. The study identified a specific brain circuit that explains how social isolation escalates alcohol use in males, marking a major advance for the field.
Researchers from the University of Osaka have developed a prediction framework that rapidly evaluates promising quantum materials without sacrificing accuracy. The framework enables the evaluation of optical losses using simplified theoretical expressions, making searches much more tractable.
Researchers developed a new technique to estimate tides at the scale of individual beaches, revealing significant variations between beaches. This approach uses satellite images of shorelines to measure tidal patterns, enabling more accurate predictions of tide levels and coastal flooding risk.
Researchers have developed an electrically powered plasma heating method to produce cement without burning fossil fuels, reducing carbon emissions by nearly 100 times. The new method lowers waste heat and introduces nanoscale defects that improve the strength of cement.
A study by Mass General Brigham, Boston University, and the Concussion & CTE Foundation found that at least 1-in-4 former NFL players who died between 2016 and 2021 had chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), with 61.3% of NFL donors with CTE meeting clinical criteria for dementia. The study also found that dementia was common among br...
Research suggests that dysfunctional brain cells can contribute to cognitive decline by altering nerve fibers and myelin. The study found that reducing NRF2 activity in these cells can lead to changes in myelin and nerve fibers associated with cognitive decline.
Researchers developed a multi-scale monitoring framework to detect ground settlement in urban metro corridors. The framework integrates InSAR, laser scanning, and ground penetrating radar to provide a comprehensive assessment of settlement and its underlying causes.
A new study from the University of British Columbia finds that AI cannot replace traditional language learning, but a hybrid approach combining corpora and AI can be effective. The study suggests that educators use AI to verify student answers and improve accuracy, while still relying on traditional corpora for teaching collocations.
Professor Lundström's patented electrochemical method recovers metals from ores and recycled materials, reducing chemical dependency and enabling green electricity use. Her work, including the Electrodeposition-Redox Replacement technique, supports a competitive EU green transition and sustainable metal production.
Researchers uncover novel physics in magnetic skyrmions' asymmetric diffusion in structured environments, enabling nonlinear, geometry-controlled information processing. The study reveals a new principle for controlling thermal diffusion using topology and geometry.
A new study published in The BMJ found that nearly a quarter of former NFL players who died from 2016 to 2021 had confirmed CTE, with stage IV CTE linked to symptoms typical of dementia. The study provides one of the most informative estimates to date of CTE burden among former NFL players.
A new blood test detects Alzheimer's disease using plasma amyloid-β seeding activity, achieving a diagnostic accuracy exceeding 90% in the validation cohort. The test uses real-time ultrasonic protein misfolding cyclic amplification technology, marking a critical transition in AD diagnosis.
A new workflow allows ecologists to quantify individual animal habitat specialisation, niche breadth, and repeatability, providing a more accurate picture of wild population dynamics. This has real implications for conservation, enabling researchers to move beyond population averages toward more targeted conservation methods.
Exposure to drought during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of preterm birth and, when persistent, with a greater likelihood of the baby being small for gestational age. The study analyzed nearly 30 million births in Brazil, showing a 2% relative increase in preterm birth likelihood across analyzed time scales.
Researchers found that 21 leading open-weight AI models can be modified to bypass safety protections, raising concerns about mass disinformation campaigns and hazardous chemical production. The study's lead author notes that the weaknesses may not be unique to open models, highlighting the need for stronger security systems.
A review in Brain Medicine argues that industrialization changed sleep timing and regularity, not duration, with hunter-gatherers sleeping between 6.4 and 7.1 hours a night, less than the industrialized average. The distinction matters, as it highlights the importance of timing and regularity in sleep patterns.
Research reveals surprisingly diverse diets of premodern commoners in Osaka, including luxury fish and products from distant regions. Dental calculus proteomics analysis identified 38 dietary proteins from 17 taxa, showing that urban commoners had access to a wide range of foods beyond traditional stable isotope analysis.
A new study published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications found that animation is more effective than text or comics in motivating people to adopt preventive health behaviors. The study, led by researchers at National Sun Yat-sen University, used an original educational series to demonstrate the power of animation in trans...
A five-university Japan-Taiwan research consortium is developing core technologies for circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs), a type of next-generation semiconductor optical device. The project aims to accelerate breakthroughs in circularly polarized light emission technology.
Physicists at Osaka Metropolitan University have performed a full calculation within Glauber theory, overcoming computational challenges to accurately reproduce experimental data. The results demonstrate that the full Glauber calculation can provide a reliable framework for predicting nuclear collision outcomes.
Researchers at Princeton University have created a semiconductor that can change its properties in response to light, enabling the creation of energy-efficient sensors and computing technologies. This breakthrough material is just a few molecules thick and can be programmed, erased, and reprogrammed with light.
Northern spotted owl populations are approaching functional extinction across the Pacific Northwest, with AI-powered monitoring identifying critical habitats and ecological threats. The study highlights the need for targeted conservation strategies, including barred owl removal and habitat conservation, to prevent further decline.
A narrative review identifies five unique clinical phenotypes for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, guiding tailored patient care. The review highlights the importance of matching therapy to patient clinical profile for improved outcomes.
Researchers used AI to predict genes leading to hematopoietic stem cell aging, finding a regulatory hub in the form of gene-regulating factor Pbx1. Aged stem cells activate two gene programs, one preserving immaturity and the other preparing cells for platelet production.
Researchers at Paul Scherrer Institute PSI have successfully generated first positrons for the Future Circular Collider, a proposed 91-km particle accelerator. The positron source, developed to meet the collider's demanding requirements, uses a compact high-temperature superconducting magnet to capture positrons and create a tight beam.
A study of 2,400 women found that high folic acid intake was associated with vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, especially in pregnancies carrying a boy. Women taking 800 micrograms or more of folic acid per day were more likely to experience spotting and mild bleeding during the first 16 weeks of pregnancy.
A dual-functional single-crystalline layer improves OLED stability by serving as both a stable hole-transporting layer and an effective barrier layer, enhancing device performance and lifetime. The optimized layer demonstrates superior thermal, morphological, and electrochemical stability.
Researchers found that CHD8 mutation causes abnormal differentiation of ventral progenitor cells, leading to autistic-like behavior in mice. This study reveals the role of CHD8 in brain development and paves the way for new therapeutic strategies targeting specific neurodevelopmental stages or cell types.
Researchers reconstructed the ancestral karyotype of the banana family, revealing a stepwise reduction in chromosome numbers from 17 to 9–11. The study also linked chromosome structural evolution to bract color differentiation, providing insights into the genetic regulation of ornamental banana coloration.
Researchers discovered nitrate reductase plays a crucial role in regulating nitrogen-responsive nodulation, balancing costs and benefits of symbiosis according to nitrogen availability. The enzyme maintains internal nitrate levels, preventing excessive nitrate accumulation and suppressing root nodule formation.
Researchers developed a bioinspired lipid nanoparticle that delivered gene-editing machinery to the liver, reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by over 20% and showing fewer signs of inflammation and toxicity. The nanoparticles also demonstrated positive effects on inflammation and healthy blood flow in cell experiments.
Amino acid sensors play a crucial role in regulating tumor biology by linking nutrient availability to tumor adaptation and immune evasion. Targeting these sensing pathways may expose metabolic vulnerabilities and provide new opportunities for combination cancer therapy.
Researchers developed a system using a 3D time-of-flight camera to measure frozen skipjack tuna, capturing dense 3D point-cloud data for accurate body size and weight estimation. The combination of 3D imaging and machine learning analysis yielded accurate noncontact estimates of fish body weight.
A global forest study found that trees do not substantially alter their physiological traits to cope with prolonged drought. However, maintaining physiological capacity may allow trees to maximize carbon assimilation during favorable periods, while narrowing hydraulic safety margins pose a threat.
A new study reveals that the Moon's soil can be decoded to reveal history of supernova explosions. Researchers developed a mathematical model to unscramble the lunar surface, providing guidance for future core samples. The model reveals insights into the history of our Solar System's journey through the galaxy.
Engineers at Texas A&M University, NASA, and Purdue University create algorithms for managing spacecraft traffic around Gateway, a lunar spaceport. The system balances fuel efficiency and operational demands to reduce the risk of collisions during space missions.
Researchers found a naked comet in an image from the Subaru Telescope archive, allowing for the study of Comet 28P/Neujmin's surface structures. This discovery helps understand how Solar System bodies formed and evolved.
Researchers developed a quantum light translator that preserves phase information through four-wave mixing, enabling secure communication networks and quantum computing. The study demonstrates strong phase preservation across a wide range of operating conditions, with correlations exceeding 0.95 in some cases.
Researchers integrate AI into local monitoring sensors to track ecosystem health in near real-time, reducing delays of months to years. The project enables faster release of accessible flux data, helping scientists understand ecosystem responses to change and inform land management decisions.
A $2.1 million NIH grant will support research into the primary cilium's functions in protein synthesis and energy production, with implications for neurological disease. The study will investigate the role of primary cilia in embryonic brain development and connect fundamental cell biology with neurological disorders.
A new study from Virginia Tech scientists reveals the complex relationship between temperature, photoperiod, and bear hibernation behavior. The research found that temperature and day length interact to shape hibernation behavior, potentially disrupting climate-driven changes in hibernation timing.
Researchers tested electron beam technology on ground turkey, finding it effective in inactivating pathogens while preserving meat quality. The study used modified atmosphere packaging to minimize oxidation effects, resulting in preserved meat quality and inactivation of pathogens.
The partnership between SUNY Stony Brook and Brookhaven National Laboratory extends New York State's quantum communications network, enabling new discoveries across various industrial sectors, bolstering research and cybersecurity. The expansion aims to improve computer operations and unlock new opportunities to improve New Yorkers' li...
Researchers analyzed 16 enacted laws across 10 states to understand the patchwork of state social media laws, finding that limiting access had the least supporting evidence, while media literacy training showed promise
Researchers identified seven distinct phases in the journey from space rock to meteorite, with melting and fragmentation controlling mass loss and slowing down. The study used 75 meteorite falls and found that melting causes most of the rock's mass loss, with rocks breaking apart at specific altitudes.
USC researchers have developed custom, 3D-printed MRI sensors that provide clearer images of small organs in infants and children. The sensors, which can be customized to individual patients, are made in under 10 minutes and cost around $30.
A new study by Mass General Brigham researchers identifies dual specificity phosphatase 5 (Dusp5) and zinc finger protein 219 (Zfp219) as key regulators of T cell dysfunction in cancer. The findings suggest that blocking Zfp219 activity could be a promising approach to improving T cell function in older adults, potentially leading to b...
A study in birds found that physical activity in youth decreases energy used for moving as an adult, with significant implications for human health. The research, led by Penn State researchers, suggests that children who are physically active may become more efficient movers, making exercise more accessible and beneficial for adults.
Researchers found that natural gas drilling can lead to elevated radium content in local drinking water due to increased salt levels. This can pose serious health risks, including an increased risk of cancer. The study used private water wells and springs to collect samples and found a connection between drilling operations and radium ...
Weill Cornell Medicine has created a new research department, the Department of Systems and Computational Biomedicine, with Dr. Dan Landau as its inaugural chair. The department will harness cutting-edge computational approaches to illuminate how disease develops and forge innovative prevention and treatment strategies.
Sylvester Cancer Center has ranked #1 in Florida and #23 nationwide, thanks to discoveries of a genetic mutation that enables blood cancers to evade BTK inhibitors. Researchers are exploring new therapies and using AI to advance precision medicine.
A new study suggests that a magnetic field existed in the infant solar system, possibly playing a role in shaping the sun and early planets. The discovery was made in ancient meteorite dust, which preserved records of the magnetic field's strength and intensity.
Researchers at Dartmouth Health identified a higher risk of severe reactions in patients with alpha-gal syndrome when receiving blood plasma or platelet transfusions, particularly from type O donors. The study suggests that pre-existing antibodies to alpha-gal from tick bites may be a contributing factor.
The updated guideline recommends routine obesity screening, comprehensive lifestyle intervention, and individualized use of medications and endoscopic and surgical procedures. Obesity should be treated as a chronic disease requiring longitudinal, flexible care pathways.
Matt Jaffe, a Montana State University physicist, has received a $150,000 research grant to study the interactions between light and matter, with potential applications in quantum computing and quantum sensing. His research aims to develop new methods for entanglement distribution and gravity measurement using optical cavities.
Researchers with Texas A&M AgriLife Research are exploring the potential of prickly pear cactus as a source of biofuels and functional food ingredients. The crop's resilience and value make it an attractive option for sustainable agriculture, but scaling production and standardizing ingredients remain key challenges.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a new manufacturing approach combining 3D printing and electroforming to produce complex, leak-free components for advanced nuclear reactors. This approach streamlines production and reduces reliance on traditional supply chains.
Engineered microscopic vibrations from synthetic materials can dramatically improve fuel efficiency in passenger jets. Researchers have discovered super-resonance and scatterless interference, enabling more effective control over turbulence and airflow.
A Drexel University study analyzing 26 songs written by cancer survivors during music therapy sessions found that music therapy helped reduce anxiety and identified themes such as prioritizing self-care and redefining identity. The study also highlighted the importance of music-based strategies for managing mental health and well-being.
A nationwide quality improvement initiative led by UC Davis Health and the American Academy of Pediatrics increased screening and follow-up care for adolescent substance use and mental health concerns. Clinics implemented evidence-based strategies, including validated screening instruments, and reported significant improvements in pati...
A new book ranks countries on human rights measures, revealing overachievers like Rwanda and the Philippines, and underachievers like China and Iran. The CIRIGHTS Data Project provides numerical scores on human rights protection, showing how well countries protect internationally recognized rights.
A new study by UTHealth Houston found measurable biological changes in firefighters' blood and urine 24 hours after fighting a fire, which may help identify early cancer risk. The study identified 75 significantly altered proteins in urine and 10 in blood serum, with several linked to cancer-related pathways.
A study published in Ecological Monographs reveals that large mammals like tapirs, peccaries, and deer alter soil chemistry and increase fertility in the Atlantic Forest. By trampling and rooting around, these animals reduce soil acidity and increase nutrient availability, leading to increased forest soil fertility.
A study published in eClinicalMedicine found that illicit fentanyl use is more than twice as common as medically based use in the US. Illicit users have a significantly higher risk of opioid-related harmful outcomes, with a 3-fold higher risk of nonfatal overdose.
MIT engineers develop a tool that generates plausible extreme events and worst-case scenarios without relying on extreme data, enabling planners to prepare for unprecedented scenarios. The algorithm takes a statistical approach to learn from available data, excluding implausible weather scenarios, and projects how extreme events might ...
Researchers have developed an interactive platform to identify future trafficking hotspots, revealing where criminal networks are most likely to strike next. The tool combines landscape ecology with criminology to identify high-risk corridors, particularly across southeastern Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula.
A new study reveals that schizophrenia affects not only how strongly brain networks engage relative to one another, but also how effectively they return to balance after disruption. People with schizophrenia experience more frequent imbalances in signal strength, recover more slowly, and have altered recovery processes related to sympt...
A four-year training program helps resettled refugees and immigrants develop sustainable agriculture-based businesses, improving mental and physical well-being. Participants report benefits including flexibility, sense of value, and financial independence, while also building connections with customers and the broader community.
A new study successfully uses audio deterrents to alert golden eagles to wind turbines, reducing collisions and deaths by over 50% at two wind farms in the Western USA. The system, called DTBird, emits warning sounds to attract the birds' attention and discourages closer approaches.