Brightsurf delivers daily science news discoveries, articles, and the latest scientific breakthroughs. Your trusted source for science news today, covering nature news, science & technology, and scientific discoveries from leading research institutions worldwide.
Researchers found that magma fragmentation occurs across different depths, temperatures, and stages of an eruption, revealing a protracted process that covers time and space. This discovery could refine assumptions used in computer models of eruptions and improve predictions of volcanic activity.
Venus, Earth's twin planet, lacks a rocky satellite due to its slow spin and gravity, which causes a moon to collapse and crash into the planet. The discovery sheds light on the planet's evolution and potential habitability.
Researchers develop brain-inspired computing using magnetic skyrmions, exploiting collective transformations to create reliable artificial synapses. The new approach enables multiple information states and improves neural network operations, with potential energy savings of 0.66 picojoules per operation.
Researchers analyzed 40,000 industrial plants and 5,000 U.S. House elections to find that firms in Democratic districts have lower emissions due to increased inspections and enforcement actions. This reallocation had potential financial impacts for firms and public health concerns for local communities.
The Pediatric Prevention Network, led by University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, aims to improve pediatric emergency preparedness and resilience nationwide. The network will develop evidence-based solutions to strengthen preparedness and improve outcomes for children, building on the expertise and experience of UH Rainbow Babies...
A study of 637,000 adolescents found that cannabis use disorder diagnoses began climbing after recreational cannabis was legalized in California in 2016, reversing a steady decline in the three years prior. The researchers say their findings call for disorder-level outcomes to be tracked alongside standard measures of use prevalence an...
A team of palaeontologists has discovered the first Diplodocus fossil outside North America, found in Spain and dating back 150 million years. The fossil, which includes 14 exceptionally preserved caudal vertebrae and chevron bones, confirms that Diplodocus inhabited Europe during the Late Jurassic period.
A 50 × 50 pixel array of specially designed meta-atoms incorporating vanadium dioxide enables dynamic reshaping of terahertz waves. The device employs 2-bit encoding with four programmable states, achieving 27% amplitude conversion efficiency.
Researchers developed a physics-informed neural-field framework to jointly recover nonlinear sample phase and unknown pupil aberrations in quantitative phase imaging. Experiments demonstrated accurate recovery of large phase variations and improved spatial resolution under aberrated conditions.
A new study from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology found that emotions like anger, hope, and compassion have a limited impact on pro-environmental behavior. The study surveyed over 2,000 individuals in Norway and Poland and found that only a few participants changed their behavior based on the emotional content they read.
A new study finds that unusually warm conditions increase the risk of intimate partner violence, particularly emotional and physical violence, in sub-Saharan Africa. The study highlights the importance of considering violence against women in climate adaptation and development planning.
This article reviews the mutual empowerment of artificial intelligence and metasurfaces, enabling intelligent nanophotonics and optical intelligence. Recent advances in metasurfaces and AI enable the development of ultracompact, ultrafast, and highly intelligent photonic systems.
Researchers discovered FMN1 gene required for hearing in humans and mice, revealing a previously unknown role for formin-1 in maintaining inner ear structure. The study also found a connection between FMN1 and pigmentation through a molecular complex involved in melanosomes, leading to hearing loss and altered skin and hair color.
Researchers developed a silicon metasurface capable of rapidly controlling wide-bandwidth light pulses, overcoming the trade-off between modulation strength and bandwidth in ultrafast optical devices. The metasurface achieves 28% absolute transmission modulation across a 14 nm bandwidth, enabling sub-50-femtosecond laser pulse switching.
A team of researchers used low-temperature STM to investigate image potential states on Bi(111), a material with higher-order topological character. They observed a strikingly unexpected splitting feature, which they propose is related to a monopole-like topological magnetoelectric response.
A team at TU Wien proposes tailoring a photon's pulse shape to increase the success rate of quantum communication. By reversing the photon's wave shape, the researchers aim to improve the absorption probability of qubits, leading to more efficient quantum technologies.
A study found that a bacterial enzyme BvDPP4, produced by gut microbes, weakens a protective intestinal signal GLP-2, aggravating colitis in a preclinical model. Inhibiting BvDPP4 with theaflavin improved colitis symptoms.
A comprehensive review maps the RNA regulatory landscape in plants, detailing the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of diverse plant RNAs. The review highlights the latest research breakthroughs in hot areas such as non-coding RNAs, RNA epigenetic regulation, and RNA chemical modifications.
Researchers developed a hybrid photonic platform that achieves wide two-dimensional field-of-view without sacrificing beam quality. The platform uses a light-routing chip, microscopic reflectors, and a metasurface to steer an optical beam in both horizontal and vertical directions.
Researchers found that peatlands' weight can cause instability, limiting their carbon storage potential. The study suggests that peatlands may only expand to 1.48 times their current volume, not the 1.71 assumed by existing carbon projections.
Rocky Scopelliti argues that AI systems' growing self-awareness and moral dispositions require immediate practical ethical concerns to be addressed. He suggests protocols for AI systems, especially those trained to care, to understand context and make moral judgments.
Finnish researchers have discovered that vatinoxan improves anaesthesia safety in rats by inhibiting exophthalmos and improving tissue oxygenation. This breakthrough could spare millions of animals from adverse effects, resulting in more reliable study results and reduced animal numbers.
A recent study reveals peptide deformylase (PDF) as a novel biomarker for 'cold' Colorectal cancer, correlated with poor prognosis and immune evasion. The study's findings provide a metabolic-immune roadmap for precision immunotherapy, offering a potential target for overcoming immune resistance.
A 5,000-year study reveals how dramatic sea level rise transformed the Northern Adriatic coastline, reshaping landscapes and affecting communities. The research reconstructs the region's evolution, highlighting the impact of coastal flooding on habitats, resources, and the availability of food.
The review compiles 243 flavonoids from Erythrina species, showcasing structural diversity and biological activities. Flavonoids from this genus have been found to exhibit novel and unusual chemistry, with a focus on prenylated and oxygenated compounds.
Researchers found that parents who use speech and hand gestures with their children achieve neural synchrony, where brain waves match their child's. This synchronization helps children learn and solve problems more effectively.
Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center have discovered the structure of a protein chain that stabilizes caveolae, small invaginations on the cell membrane that protect cells from mechanical stress and allow nutrient uptake. The findings offer new insights into lipid metabolism disorders and related diseases.
Cassyni research talks now carry an Altmetric Attention Score, with talks and seminars measurable and visible in Altmetric badges. This partnership tracks expert attention and discussion, providing a more complete view of research influence.
A 16-week intervention reduced systolic blood pressure by 3.3 mmHg among high-risk workers in Loja, Ecuador. The culturally adapted program showed decreases in body fat and waist circumference, but did not demonstrate significant benefits on diabetes risk or weight loss.
A new AI tool has been developed to predict treatment and survival outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy. The tool consistently outperformed standard clinical biomarkers, achieving high accuracy scores in predicting survival outcomes.
A team of researchers from the University of Texas at Austin and Sandia National Laboratories has developed a simple method for breaking down durable plastics that currently have no practical recycling method. The approach uses less energy and produces less waste than incineration, while allowing for the full recovery of valuable fibers.
Researchers found that lifelong deafness causes the brain to shift processing power, enhancing peripheral vision. This adaptability allows deaf individuals to detect motion and events outside their direct line of sight, providing a distinct advantage in monitoring surroundings for potential danger.
Weill Cornell Medicine and Rutgers Health have received a four-year, $3 million grant to build a research center focused on HIV-associated brain injury. The center will help investigators access shared molecular and computational tools to define the mechanisms of brain injury and identify new therapeutic opportunities.
A Michigan State University team is launching a project to study the underwater fault system where the 1946 tsunami originated, measuring vibrations of tectonic plates in the Alaskan-Aleutian subduction zone. This will help scientists assess whether the region poses a risk today and inform building codes.
Researchers found that exosomes from people with shingles pain caused nerve cells to remain inflamed and transmit pain signals even after the virus clears the body. This discovery opens the door to new approaches for predicting, preventing, and treating post-herpetic neuralgia.
Researchers found that ethinylestradiol increased competition around active nests, causing males to spend more time defending territories and eggs, leading to reduced parental care and population collapse. The hormone changed the social conditions in the lake, having ripple effects on reproduction across the population.
A new study of nine nearby galaxies reveals that actively growing supermassive black holes may contribute to star formation, instead preventing it. The research found star-forming rings or arcs, cone-shaped regions of energized gas, and fast 'shocks' associated with black hole activity.
MIT researchers developed a new technique to help generative AI models meet strict safety requirements without sacrificing output quality. The 'HardFlow' algorithm reformulates hard-constrained sampling as a trajectory-optimization problem, enabling subtle corrections while enforcing hard constraints.
A multi-university team is launching a project to develop advanced computer models that predict how female hormones affect medicine efficacy and side effects. The goal is to create a clinically driven tool that guides medical care across a woman's life, leading to stronger research studies and better outcomes.
A study found that 21% of Ecuadorian amphibian type localities are in protected areas, with many more in agricultural land and urbanized areas. This reveals Ecuador's rich biodiversity, with many species having extremely restricted distributions and being found only in their type locality.