Today's Science News
April 25, 2024
During the solar system's chaotic era, Jupiter may have helped form Earth's moon - EL chondrite meteorites come from the Athor family of asteroids, the progenitor of which was dumped in the asteroid belt by the migrating gas giants between 60 million and 100 million years after the birth of the solar system.How A.I. Is Revolutionizing Marine Conservation - Driven by a childhood marked by war and environmental devastation, marine scientist Dyhia Belhabib developed an innovative technology to combat illegal fishing
Hundreds of black 'spiders' spotted in mysterious 'Inca City' on Mars in new satellite photos - Every spring, creepy black 'spiders' sprout up on Mars as buried carbon dioxide ice releases dusty geysers of gas.
Largest ever salmon had tusks, not sabres - Reanalysis of the largest ever salmon, which lived several million years ago, shows that it sported tusk-like teeth which might have been used for fighting.
China green-lights mass production of autonomous flying taxis — with commercial flights set for 2025 - The EHang EH216-S autonomous flying taxi is the first eVTOL ready for mass production and could lead the way for flying cars around the world.
Watch 2 cosmonauts conduct spacewalk outside the ISS today - Two Russian cosmonauts are scheduled to spend about seven hours working outside the International Space Station today (April 25), and you can watch the action live.
'We have combined two marvels of modern medicine': Woman gets pig kidney and heart pump in groundbreaking procedures - In a medical first, doctors transplanted a gene-edited pig kidney into a human patient after giving her a new heart pump.
California Politicians Lower The 'Erin Brockovich' Chemical And Cheer Saving 0 Lives - In the 1990s, Julia Roberts starred in a movie about a lady who interviewed people in a California town who insisted they were being poisoned by the evil PG&E utility.
Scientists find one of the oldest stars in the universe in a galaxy right next to ours - An ancient star discovered in the Large Magellanic Cloud has revealed the chemical fingerprint of the early universe.
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What the Heck Is Seaweed Mining? - Seaweed is versatile; it provides habitat for marine life, shelters coastlines, and absorbs carbon dioxide.
Gamma-ray burst from magnetar lights up star-forming galaxy - Astronomers have witnessed a rare giant flare from a magnetar about 12 million light-years away.
Watch China launch 3 astronauts to Tiangong space station today - China plans to launch the three-astronaut Shenzhou 18 mission to its Tiangong space station today (April 25), and you can watch the action live.
Octo-ometry: global warming severe affect on octopus’ sight - Warming ocean temperatures caused by climate change could have a direct effect on octopus’ sight according to new research from South Australia and California.
April 24, 2024
TESS Finds its First Rogue Planet - Well over 5,000 planets have been found orbiting other star systems.Butantan Institute’s dengue vaccine protects 79.6% of those vaccinated, study shows - A single-dose dengue vaccine produced by Butantan Institute in São Paulo state (Brazil) prevents development of the disease in 79.6% of those vaccinated, according to an article published today (February 1) in The New England Journal of Medicine.
Sols 4166-4167: A Garden Full of Rocks - Earth planning date: Wednesday April 24, 2024 Here on Earth (in Toronto, specifically), it’s a very typical April which can’t quite make up its mind about whether or not it wants to be spring.
Buried in the Cat's Paw Nebula lies one of the largest space molecules ever seen - Scientists have discovered one of the largest molecules ever seen in space in the Cat's Paw nebula.
We may have spotted the first magnetar flare outside our galaxy - Not all gamma-ray bursts come from supernovae.
Vaccines Have Saved 101 Million Infants In 50 Years, Europe Needs To Let That Happen In Agriculture Too - In the last 50 years, vaccination has averted 154 million deaths, 146 million kids under 5 years, and 101 million infants, according to this World Health Organisation report .
Netflix releases official trailer for Jennifer Lopez mech combat sci-fi film 'Atlas' (video) - The full trailer of Netflix's 'Atlas' is a bit spoiler-y, but does a better job of selling the Jennifer Lopez-led sci-fi adventure.
The Marshall Star for April 24, 2024 - NASA announced the winners of the 30th Human Exploration Rover Challenge (HERC) April 22, with Parish Episcopal School, from Dallas, winning first
Energy-efficient “glass” bricks as strong as clay - Double-glazed windows are often seen as a useful, if expensive, measure to insulate Australian homes and shave quarterly power bills, now materials scientists
Common food preservative has unexpected effects on the gut microbiome - Food manufacturers often add preservatives to food products to keep them fresh.
Ancient rocks hold proof of Earth's magnetic field. Here's why that's puzzling - Earth's ancient magnetic field appears to have had a strength similar to what we see today, and it may have protected ancient life from harmful cosmic radiation.
Earth’s Magnetic Field Is Almost Similar to What it Was Like 3.7 Billion Years Ago - What was our ancient magnetic field like?
Chemo side effect caused man's eyelash growth to go haywire - Some medicines can inadvertently cause people's eyelashes to grow incredibly long.
Ancient Salmon Resembles Aquatic Warthog, Not Saber-Toothed Fish - New fossil of 9-foot-long tusked fish prompts paleontologists to reconsider giant salmon’s nickname.
Eerie, orange skies loom over Athens as dust storm engulfs southern Greece - A Saharan dust storm that reached southern Greece on Tuesday (April 23) has turned the sky over Athens and other Greek cities an apocalyptic reddish-orange hue.
DNA analysis spanning 9 generations of people reveals marriage practices of mysterious warrior culture - Researchers reconstructed the relationships among nearly 300 Avars, people from a 1,500-year-old mysterious warrior culture in the Carpathian Basin.
Hubble telescope celebrates 34th anniversary with an iridescent Dumbbell Nebula (image) - Take a fresh look at the iconic Dumbbell Nebula on occasion of the Hubble Space Telescope's 34 years in space.
Hidden 'biosphere' of extreme microbes discovered 13 feet below Atacama Desert is deepest found there to date - Researchers have found microbes thriving 13 feet beneath the scorched surface of Chile's Atacama Desert, marking the deepest discovery of microbial life in the region to date.
From a Pink Moon to Blue, the Moon's Colors Aren't Always Colorful - What are the different colors of the moon?
Enormous explosion in 'Cigar Galaxy' reveals rare type of star never seen beyond the Milky Way - An incredibly brief, ultrabright explosion has led astronomers to a newfound magnetic star outside the Milky Way, which could be the first of many extragalactic magnetars, according to new research.
The mystery of how strange cosmic objects called 'JuMBOs' went rogue - Scientists may have discovered how JuMBOs, strangle binary objects found in Orion, may have gone rogue while staying gravitationally bound.
Big oil companies continue to expand fossil fuel extraction worldwide - Despite the growing social and political discourse in favor of energy transition and the greening of the industry, big oil companies continue to rely almost exclusively on fossil fuels to perpetuate their function of obtaining and concentrating energy.
Human activities have an intense impact on Earth's deep subsurface fluid flow - Hydrologists predict human-induced underground fluid fluxes to rise with climate change mitigation strategies like carbon sequestration.
Conversations with Trish O’Kane: Birding to Change the World (and maybe save your soul). - In Birding to Change the World: A Memoir, Trish O’Kane, an accidental ornithologist turned activist, recounts how birds profoundly reshaped her life and outlook.
China's Tiangong space station damaged by debris strike: report - Two spacewalks this winter fixed the power supply of China's Tiangong space station, which was damaged by a space debris strike, state media reported.
Solar Flares are Stunning but are They Dangerous? Here's What to Know - Explore the dynamic nature of solar flares, intense bursts of radiation from the Sun, their causes, effects on Earth, and the remarkable visuals they create.
Tracking Spring Flooding - Ural River levels peak in this April 13, 2024, enhanced color image from Landsat 9; here, vegetation appears red, while water is blue-green.
Space Force tests small satellite jammer to protect against 'space-enabled' attacks - The U.S. Space Force is testing a new ground-based satellite jamming weapon to help keep U.S. military personnel safe from potential "space-enabled" attacks.
Updating California’s grid for EVs may cost up to $20 billion - Charging electric vehicles at home will exceed most power lines' capacity.
EPA Debunks Environmentalist Claims That Acephate Causes Autism - The Biden EPA has let scientists win over environmental epidemiology claims just this once.
Explainable AI for Rational Antibiotic Discovery - Researchers tackle the antibiotic resistance crisis with explainable neural networks and high throughput drug discovery.
Why are people climate change deniers? - Do climate change deniers bend the facts to avoid having to modify their environmentally harmful behavior?
Researchers show it's possible to teach old magnetic cilia new tricks - Magnetic cilia—artificial hairs whose movement is powered by embedded magnetic particles—have been around for a while, and are of interest for applications in soft robotics, transporting objects and mixing liquids.
SpaceX has now landed more boosters than most other rockets ever launch - Can the Falcon 9 eventually challenge Soyuz for launch totals?
Jupiter’s 8,700-Mile-Wide Great Red Spot Keeps Shrinking - The largest storm in our solar system, an 8,700-mile-wide anticyclone on Jupiter long beloved by astronomers, may be slowly fizzling out.
Genes allow birds to keep the rhythm while singing - Researchers have linked 4 genes to birds’ innate rhythmic ability in song, according to a new study in Nature Communications.
How Sugar Gliders Got Their Wings - Several marsupial species, including sugar gliders, independently evolved a way to make membranes that allow them to glide through the air
NASA’s Chandra Releases Doubleheader of Blockbuster Hits - New movies of two of the most famous objects in the sky — the Crab Nebula and Cassiopeia A — are being released from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Ecologists Struggle to Get a Grip on ‘Keystone Species’ - More than 50 years after Bob Paine’s experiment with starfish, hundreds of species have been pronounced “keystones” in their ecosystems.
Virtual Viruses Reveal Complex Genomic Dynamics - Researchers used new simulations to obtain the first structures of elusive viruses.
New method could cut waste from drug production - Scientists have developed a sustainable new way of making complex molecules, which could greatly reduce waste produced during drug manufacturing, a study suggests.
Oldest undisputed evidence of Earth’s magnetic field found in Greenland - Researchers have recovered a 3.7-billion-year-old record of Earth’s magnetic field from Greenland, providing the oldest estimate of its strength derived from whole rock samples.
New Geothermal Technology Could Expand Clean Power Generation - Long confined to regions with volcanic activity, geothermal promises to become a much more versatile energy source thanks to new technologies
Synthetic Reality Can Generate Worlds and Drive Innovative Solutions - What is a synthetic reality and what are Deepfakes?
There are Four Ways to Build with Regolith on the Moon - Over the last few years I have been renovating my home.
NASA Glenn Interactive Exhibit Earns Gold - The Ohio Museums Association (OMA) presented NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland with two OMA 2023 Visual Communications Awards during its annual meeting in Sandusky, Ohio, on April 14.
NASA Participates in NCAA Women’s Championship Game - Thirty-one NASA women participated in a flag ceremony at Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse in Cleveland.
NASA Glenn Teams Up with Cleveland Monsters - NASA’s Glenn Research Center joined the Cleveland Monsters to celebrate their total solar eclipse-themed game.
NASA Glenn Joins Big Hoopla STEM Challenge - NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland joined in the adventure of the Big Hoopla STEM Challenge held at the Dayton Convention Center on March 17.
How the Great Alaska Earthquake Shook Up Science - Sixty years ago, the largest earthquake in U.S. history shocked geologists.
Holographic displays offer a glimpse into an immersive future - Researchers have invented a new optical element that brings us one step closer to mixing the real and virtual worlds in an ordinary pair of eyeglasses using high-definition 3D holographic images.
This salt battery harvests osmotic energy where the river meets the sea - Estuaries -- where freshwater rivers meet the salty sea -- are great locations for birdwatching and kayaking.
Making diamonds at ambient pressure - Researchers have grown diamonds under conditions of 1 atmosphere pressure and at 1025 degrees Celsius using a liquid metal alloy composed of gallium, iron, nickel, and silicon, thus breaking the existing paradigm.
Eruption of mega-magnetic star lights up nearby galaxy - While ESA's satellite INTEGRAL was observing the sky, it spotted a burst of gamma-rays -- high-energy photons -- coming from the nearby galaxy M82.
A simple 'twist' improves the engine of clean fuel generation - Researchers have found a way to super-charge the 'engine' of sustainable fuel generation -- by giving the materials a little twist.
AI designs active pharmaceutical ingredients quickly and easily based on protein structures - A new computer process developed by chemists at ETH Zurich makes it possible to generate active pharmaceutical ingredients quickly and easily based on a protein's three-dimensional surface.
Scientists develop novel liquid metal alloy system to synthesize diamond under moderate conditions - Did you know that 99% of synthetic diamonds are currently produced using high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) methods?
A chemical mystery solved—the reaction that explains large carbon sinks - A mystery that has puzzled the scientific community for more than 50 years has finally been solved.
Soviet-Era Pseudoscience Lurks behind ‘Havana Syndrome’ Worries - Dodgy studies and fantastic claims have long powered a belief in devious Russian brain weapons, from mind control to microwave devices
Some cannabis rolling papers may contain unhealthy levels of heavy metals - A team of chemists at Lake Superior State University, working with colleagues from Wayne State University, both in Michigan, and two representatives from JEOL U.S., a lab equipment maker, has found that some cannabis rolling papers contain high levels of heavy metals, which could be hazardous to smokers.
Lemon-Scented Marijuana Compound Reduces Weed’s ‘Paranoia’ Effect - The molecule that gives cannabis its citrusy smell can make THC less anxiety-inducing
A Singular Climate Experiment Takes Shape in the Amazon - After years of delay, researchers are ready to inject carbon dioxide into jungle plots.
Air pollution can make it harder for pollinators to find flowers - Pollutants that build up in night air can break down the scents that attract pollinating hawkmoths to primrose blooms, disrupting their pollination.
This Simple Strategy Might Be the Key to Advancing Science Faster - The incentives in science don’t always encourage openness—but being wrong might just be the key to getting it right.
In the Rush to Decarbonize, the Shipping Industry Is Exploring Alternative Fuels - For decades, the world’s commercial ships have depended on a fossil fuel so sticky and thick that it needs to be heated to around 150 °C just to get it to flow through a vessel’s innards.
Fragments of bird flu virus genome found in pasteurized milk, FDA says - The test cannot tell if the virus is live.
Bioluminescence evolved 540 million years ago - Scientists have pushed the earliest appearance of bioluminescence among animals back by nearly 300 million years.
April 23, 2024
Bioluminescence First Evolved in Invertebrates About 540 Million Years Ago - An ancient soft coral species first lit up about 540 million years ago, according to a statistical model.Glow-in-the-Dark Animals May Have Been Around for 540 Million Years - Ancestors of so-called soft corals may have developed bioluminescence in the earliest days of deep-ocean living
Why canned wine can smell like rotten eggs while beer and Coke are fine - Sulfur dioxide in the wine reacts with the aluminum to make hydrogen sulfide.
Nestlé baby foods loaded with unhealthy sugars—but only in poorer countries - Health experts say children under age 2 should have zero added sugars in their diets.
Bioluminescence first evolved in animals at least 540 million years ago - Bioluminescence first evolved in animals at least 540 million years ago in a group of marine invertebrates called octocorals, according to the results of a new study.
Purple Bacteria — Not Green Plants — Might Be the Strongest Indication of Life - Astrobiologists continue to work towards determining which biosignatures might be best to look for when searching for life on other worlds.
See the Southern Ring Nebula in 3D - Planetary nebula are some of nature’s most stunning visual displays.
Hubble Has Accidentally Discovered Over a Thousand Asteroids - The venerable Hubble Space Telescope is like a gift that keeps on giving.
Scientists study lipids cell by cell, making new cancer research possible - Imagine being able to look inside a single cancer cell and see how it communicates with its neighbors.
Tiny rubber spheres used to make a programmable fluid - The spheres collapse under pressure, giving the fluid very unusual properties.
How the Stopped Clock Illusion Can Distort Our Sense of Time - Time is personal to everyone, which makes it difficult to study.
Recoding Voyager 1—NASA’s interstellar explorer is finally making sense again - "We're pretty much seeing everything we had hoped for, and that's always good news.”
New Interactive Map Shows Where Extreme Heat Threatens Health - People in the U.S. will be able to see where extreme heat is a threat to health with a new interactive tool created by the National Weather Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Unconventional technology enhances composites important to automotive, aerospace and renewable energy industries - Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a method that demonstrates how fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials used in the automotive, aerospace and renewable energy industries can be made stronger and tougher to better withstand mechanical or structural stresses over time.
A non-equivalent co-doped strategy to improve the electrical properties of piezoelectric ceramics - In the field of aerospace, a high-temperature piezoelectric vibration sensor is one of the few key devices that can be monitored in a high-temperature and harsh environment, so it is particularly urgent to develop high performance high-temperature piezoelectric ceramics as the core component of this kind of sensor.
Inhospitable Venus could hold clues to finding extraterrestrial life - A new paper argues that the search for life outside our planet could be aided by looking in an unexpected place: the extremely hot, toxic planet Venus.
Despite Little Demand, 2024 Electric Car Sales Will Be Up To 17 Million, Says Advocacy Group - The International Energy Agency is estimating that global electric car sales will rise to 17 million by the end of this year read more
Researchers develop eggshell 'bioplastic' pellet as sustainable alternative to plastic - What if there was plastic-like material that could absorb excess nutrients from water and be used as a fertilizer when it decomposes?
Beyond Weight Loss and Diabetes, Ozempic Could Help Certain Heart Conditions - Everyone has been talking about Wegovy and Ozempic for weight loss.
Previous theory on how electrons move within protein nanocrystals might not apply in every case - Researchers believe that understanding how electrons move within small, natural systems could power a more sustainable future for our energy grid.
DAILY DOSE: England’s Women’s Health Waitlists, Screening Lags Surge; Bird Flu Ravages Elephant Seals in Argentina. - ENGLAND’S WOMEN FACE CRITICAL DELAYS IN HEALTHCARE.
AI Starts to Sift Through String Theory’s Near-Endless Possibilities - Using machine learning, string theorists are finally showing how microscopic configurations of extra dimensions translate into sets of elementary particles — though not yet those of our universe.
Cancer Cells Give Orders - Cancer-supporting cells control their neighbors’ behavior using an often-overlooked protein delivery system.
An Epitaph for Daniel Dennett, Philosopher of Consciousness - Is consciousness nothing more than an illusion?
Lung Cancer Cells Switch Oncogenic Drivers - Mouse models mimicking the transition from a common form of lung cancer to a more aggressive one may help scientists develop future strategies to prevent this transformation.
Does Bubble Tea Have Any Health Benefits? - Bubble or boba tea is hugely popular, but what is it made of and is it really good for you?
Researchers create artificial cells that act like living cells - In a new study published in Nature Chemistry, UNC-Chapel Hill researcher Ronit Freeman and her colleagues describe the steps they took to manipulate DNA and proteins—essential building blocks of life—to create cells that look and act like cells from the body.
Light-activated materials perform well in treatment of textile effluent - Photoelectrochemical processes have been considered sustainable alternatives for the remediation of water contaminated by domestic or industrial effluents.
Synthesizing highly efficient carbohelicenes for circularly polarized luminescence emitters - Helicenes are organic molecules that gained widespread popularity due to their unique helical π-conjugated molecular structure, where the benzene rings are ortho-fused, resulting in excellent chiroptical properties such as circularly polarized luminescence (CPL).
Plastic food packaging can contain harmful chemicals that affect hormones and metabolism, researchers find - Plastic is a very complex material that can contain many different chemicals, some of which can be harmful.
Record-breaking heat and humidity warning for the tropics in 2024 - New statistical analysis predicts the combined influences of rising global temperatures and El Niño could lead to extreme humid heat stress throughout tropical latitudes this summer.
New toolkit makes molecular dynamics simulations more accessible - Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become a powerful tool in the ever-growing fields of molecular biology and drug development.
Fossil frogs share their skincare secrets - Palaeontologists have solved a hundred-year-old mystery of how some fossil frogs preserve their fleshy parts -- it's all down to their skin.
Sapio Sciences Launches New Multimodal Registration Capabilities For Its Lab Informatics Platform - Sapio Sciences has enhanced its lab informatics platform with new multimodal entity registration capabilities for diverse product types, including small and large molecules and conjugates.
Is There a Human Hiding behind That Robot or AI? A Brief History of Automatons That Were Actually People - When human labor is hidden under the veneer of a robot or AI tool, that’s “fauxtomation”
How Ugandan Tobacco Farmers Inadvertently Spread Bat-Borne Viruses - By cutting trees in response to international demand for tobacco, farmers induced wildlife to start eating virus-laden bat guano
Voyager-1 sends readable data again from deep space - Nasa says its most distant probe is once again sending usable information back to Earth.
Let’s learn about fingerprints - Researchers are still making new discoveries about how our fingerprints form — and how to use them to solve crimes.
The Waning Reign of the Wetland Architect We Barely Know (Hint: Not a Beaver) - When I was a teenager, my parents bought a home near an old farm pond in Bangor, Maine.
Quakes do not kill people, bad buildings do - Infrastructure building continues unbridled in Asia Pacific’s seismically active zones, writes Ranjit Devraj.
Peatlands Are One of Earth’s Most Underrated Ecosystems - Five places that show the importance of peatlands as allies against climate change.
NASA Restores Communications with Voyager 1 - The venerable Voyager 1 spacecraft is finally phoning home again.
Tiny, 1800-year-old portrait of Alexander the Great found in Denmark - “I nearly fell out of my chair,” says Danish archaeologist Freerk Oldenburger referring to the moment he realised he was looking at a small bronze portrait of Alexander the Great found in Denmark.
Handbag designer jailed for wildlife smuggling - Nancy Gonzalez recruited relatives to smuggle purses made of illicit python and caiman into the US.
Father begins legal fight against BP for dead son - Hussein Julood says the burning of gas at a BP-run oil field in Iraq caused his son's leukaemia.
April 22, 2024
Concern grows as bird flu spreads further in US cows: 32 herds in 8 states - Experts say the US is not sharing as much data on the outbreak as it should.Medical Providers Still Grappling With UnitedHealth Cyberattack: ‘More Devastating Than Covid’ - Two months after a cyberattack on a UnitedHealth Group subsidiary halted payments to some doctors, medical providers say they’re still grappling with the fallout, even though UnitedHealth told shareholders on Tuesday that business is largely back to normal.
After Months of Gibberish, Voyager 1 Is Communicating Well Again - NASA scientists spent months coaxing the 46-year-old Voyager 1 spacecraft back into healthy communication
Coastal cities not safe from sea level rise warns oceanographer - A leading Australian oceanographer says Australia’s coastal cities, including Sydney, are “not viable” under high-end projections of future sea level rise from global warming.
The Feminist Botanist - A 19th-century tale of hermaphrodite flowers, Charles Darwin, and women’s right to vote.
High-speed imaging and AI help us understand how insect wings work - Too many muscles working too fast had made understanding insect flight challenging.
NASA officially greenlights $3.35 billion mission to Saturn’s moon Titan - Dragonfly will push the boundaries of engineering and science as it explores Titan.
Voyager Has Come Back Online After 5 Months - The Voyager 1 spacecraft launched in 1977 and is therefore the most remote human object in the universe, until it went dark 5 months ago and NASA engineers feared it lost.
Print Edition 54 - Issue 54 of the Nautilus print edition combines some of the best content from our January and February 2024 online issues.
Will We Know if TRAPPIST-1e has Life? - The search for extrasolar planets is currently undergoing a seismic shift.
Occupations that are cognitively stimulating may be protective against later-life dementia - People with a history of cognitively stimulating occupations during their 30s, 40s, 50s, and 60s had a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia after age 70, according to a new study from Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, the Columbia Aging Center, and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
Ice Age Fashion: The Murky Origins of Neanderthal Clothing - Did Neanderthals wear clothing, jewelry or other accessories?
Advance in forensic fingerprint research provides new hope for cold cases - Researchers have unveiled a method capable of detecting drug substances from fingerprints lifted from crime scenes, which could provide fresh insights into unsolved cases.
EARTH DAY 2024: Remembering Carl Sagan’s Pale Blue Dot, A Perspective on Fragility and Shared Responsibility. - As we celebrate Earth Day 2024, it’s worth a minute to reflect on the fragility and preciousness of our planet.
Preparation of single-atom catalysts for highly sensitive gas detecting - Gas sensors have been widely applied in areas such as medical health, environmental monitoring, and food safety.
Space manufacturing milestone as 8km of fibre optics made on ISS - An attempt to optimise optical fibre capabilities has led a team of scientists to undertake some space manufacturing – with immediate success.